The overall purpose of the Workshop is to give an overview of the “state of the art” of the implications and importance of epigenetic approaches to human interactions in basic science and clinical applications. Indeed, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms that underlie human behaviour and health will not only deepen our fundamental knowledge of human biology, but also pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions and personalized medicine approaches to address a wide range of human conditions, from mental health disorders to chronic diseases. This aim will be achieved by interdisciplinary discussion among biologists, geneticists, oncologists, neurologists, environmentalists, psychologists, ethologists, psychiatrists and other scientists/specialists (e.g evolutionary biologists).